And Once Again Abudhar Al Islam
| Abu Dharr | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Title |
|
| Personal | |
| Born | Jundab ibn Junadah Hijaz |
| Died | 31 Hijri, Dhul Qadah / 652 CE Al-Rabadha, Rashidun Caliphate |
| Resting place | Al-Rabadha, Hejaz, present day Saudi Arabia |
| Religion | Islam |
| Children | Dharr (daughter) |
| Parents |
|
| Known for | companion of Muhammad |
| Relatives | Unais (Brother) |
Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Al-Kinani ( أَبُو ذَرّ ٱلْغِفَارِيّ ٱلْكِنَانِيّ , ʾAbū Ḏarr al-Ghifārīy al-Kinānīy ), also spelled Abu Tharr or Abu Zar, born Jundab ibn Junādah ( جُنْدَب ٱبْن جُنَادَة ), was the fourth or 5th person converting to Islam, and from the Muhajirun.[i] He belonged to the Banu Ghifar, the Kinanah tribe. No engagement of nativity is known. He died in 652 CE, at Al-Rabadha, in the desert east of Medina.
Abu Dhar is remembered for his strict piety and also his opposition to Muawiyah during the caliph Uthman ibn Affan era. He is venerated by Shia Muslims every bit one of The Four Companions, early on Muslims who were followers (Shia) of Ali ibn Abi Talib.
He was regarded by many, including Ali Shariati, Muhammad Sharqawi and Sami Ayad Hanna, as a principal antecedent of Islamic socialism,[2] [3] [4] [5] [half dozen] the first Islamic socialist, or the outset socialist birthday. He protested confronting the accumulation of wealth by the ruling class during 'Uthmān's caliphate and urged the equitable redistribution of wealth.
Early life [edit]
Little is known of his life earlier his conversion to Islam.[7] Abu Dhar is said to have been a serious young homo, an austere and a monotheist even before he converted. He was born to the Ghifar clan, found to the western s of Medina.[8] Abu Dhar was patently typical of the early converts to Islam, described past Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri as "young men and weak people".[nine] They were a part of the Ghifar association of the Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat tribe, part of the Kinana tribes, which also included the Quraysh tribe of Muhammad. Popular accounts of Abu Dhar[10] say that his tribe lived by pillaging caravans, merely that he preferred to live a poor simply honest life equally a shepherd. Having heard the contention that a new prophet had arisen in Mecca, Abu Dhar and his brother travelled to Mecca to detect the prophet. The young seeker converted instantly and rushed out to declare his new faith in front end of the Kaaba, which at that fourth dimension was a pagan temple. He was beaten for his religious conventionalities. He did this iii days in a row, after which the Islamic prophet Muhammad told him to return to his clan, where he taught his people about Islam. He and his tribe then joined Muhammad after the Hijra, or migration to Medina in 622 CE.
Muhammad in one case said that "the heaven did not spread its canopy on any man who was more truthful than Abu Dharr."[11]
This seems to exist a simplified account of stories reported in these hadiths, 31:6049, 31:6048 and 31:6046.
According to the early Islamic historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Abu Dhar claimed to have been the fourth or fifth convert to Islam. However, Saad bin Abi Waqqas made the aforementioned claim. While the exact order of conversion may never be established, no one doubts that he was a very early convert.
Military campaigns during Muhammad's era [edit]
During the Expedition of Ka'b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari his son Umair al-Ghifari was killed. In this expedition Muhammad ordered an attack on the Banu Quda'a tribe because Muhammad received intelligence that they had gathered a large number of men to attack the Muslim positions[12]
In response Muhammad ordered the Third Expedition of Dhu Qarad to take revenge for the killing of the son of Abu Dhar Ghifari at al-Ghaba[thirteen] [14] [15]
Afterwards Muhammad'south expiry [edit]
Abu Dharr had begun his agitation in Medina subsequently Uthman had given 500,000 dirhams to Marwan I, 300,000 to al-Harith ibn al-Hakam, and 100,000 to the Medinan Zayd ibn Thabit from the khums of the booty seized in Ifriqiya in 27/647. He and so quoted relevant Qur'anic passages threatening the hoarders of riches with hell-fire. Marwan complained to Uthman, who sent his servant Natil to warn Abu Dhar, but to no avail. Uthman displayed patience for some time until, in the presence of the caliph, Abu Dhar launched an aroused verbal set on on Ka'ab al-Ahbar, who had backed Uthman's free use of public money. Uthman now chided Abu Dhar and sent him to Damascus.[16]
There is a tradition that Muhammad predicted this sorry end during the Boxing of Tabouk, when Abu Dharr was left behind because his camel was ill or too weak. And so he alighted from it and, placing the pack on his back, walked to the rest of the army. Muhammad saw him and exclaimed:
Abu Dharr, may Allah take mercy upon you! You'll live alone, die alone and enter Paradise solitary.[17]
Sunni view [edit]
Many hadith, oral traditions, are traced to Abu Dhar. He is respected as an early and observant Muslim, and a human who was honest and direct to a fault. He was, according to the Sunni tradition, a rough, unlettered Bedouin who held no loftier part, but who served the Muslim community, the Ummah, with everything he had to give.
During the caliphate of Uthman, he stayed in Damascus and witnessed Muslims deviating from Islam, going after worldly pleasures and desires.
He was saddened and repelled by this. Then Uthman invited him to come to Madinah. where he was also hurt by people's pursuit of worldly goods and pleasures.
Al-Rabathah [edit]
Abu Dhar and then asked Uthman for permission to live in al-Rabathah, a modest village in eastern Madinah. Uthman approved his asking. Abu Dhar stayed at that place abroad from people, property on to the traditions (sunnah) of Prophet Muhammad and his companions.
A story about him relates:[xviii]
A man visited him once and when he institute his house almost blank, he asked Abu Dhar: "Where are your possessions?"
Abu Dhar said: "We have a business firm yonder (meaning the hereafter), to which we ship the best of our possessions."
The man understood what Abu Dhar meant and replied: "Simply y'all must have some possessions so long every bit you are in this domicile."
"The possessor of this home will not leave us in it," said Abu Dharr.
Besides, when the governor (amir) of Syria sent Abu Dhar iii hundred dinars to meet his needs, he returned the money saying, "Does not the amir observe a retainer more deserving of it than I?"[18]
Prophet Muhammad said virtually him:
"The earth does not bear nor the heavens cover a man more than true and faithful than Abu Dharr."[xviii]
Abu Dhar connected in his simple life, and dedicated himself to Allah solitary until his death in 32 AH.[18]
Shi'a view [edit]
Aba Dharr is considered ane of the greatest and most loyal sahaba, along with Salman the Persian, Miqdad ibn Aswad, and Ammar ibn Yasir.[xix] [20]
When Abu Dharr was exiled to al-Rabathah past Caliph Uthman bin Affan under duress from Muawiyah,[a] Ali and his sons, Hasan and Husayn, advanced to see him off. Ali said to him:[17]
Abu Dharr, you've get very angry for Allah. The people are worried about their organized religion, and yous are worried nearly your religion. And so, leave what they are worried about in your hands and escape from them with what you're worried about. They're in demand of what you've prevented them from. And you're in no demand of what they've prevented you from. Tomorrow you'll know who will be the winner. Abu Dharr, nothing amuses you just the truth and nothing annoys y'all simply the untruth.
Abu Dharr, his married woman, and his daughter were exiled to al-Rabathah, a rural town outside Madinah, as he recalled Prophet Muhammad's words:
"Abu Dharr, may Allah have mercy upon you. You lot'll live alone, die alone, rise from the dead alone and enter Paradise lonely."[17]
Abu Dharr was a human being of extreme devotion to Islam, and Prophet Muhammad is believed to take said about him:
Abu Dharr is like Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus) of my nation in his zuhd (asceticism) and wara' (piety).[22]
and
Neither has the sky shaded ane more truthful and honest than Abu Dhar nor has the earth had anyone walk over information technology similar him.[17]
Lebanon has two shrines dedicated to Abu Dharr commemorating his effort in spreading Islam, ane in Sarepta and the other in Meiss al-Jabal.[23]
See too [edit]
- Sahaba
- Sulaym ibn Qays
- Ghaffari
- Sunni view of the Sahaba
- Muadh ibn Jabal
- List of expeditions of Muhammad
Notes [edit]
- ^ This is disputed, with some sources alleging Abu Dharr was on a self-imposed exile from Medina[21]
References [edit]
- ^ The Mirror of all the Prophets as Shown past The Hadith of Similitude
- ^ Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World . New York: Oxford Academy Press. 1995. p. 19. ISBN0-xix-506613-viii. OCLC 94030758.
- ^ "Abu Dharr al-Ghifari". Oxford Islamic Studies Online . Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ And Once again Abu Dharr . Retrieved 15 Baronial 2011.
- ^ Hanna, Sami A.; George H. Gardner (1969). Arab Socialism: A Documentary Survey. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 273–274. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ Hanna, Sami A. (1969). "al-Takaful al-Ijtimai and Islamic Socialism". The Muslim World. 59 (iii–iv): 275–286. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1969.tb02639.x. Archived from the original on 2010-09-13.
- ^ [Michael Molloy][Molloy], Experiencing the Globe's Religions: Traditions, Challenge, and Change, 6th Edition, 2009, p. 853
- ^ Watt, Muhammad at Medina, 1956, p. 81
- ^ cited in Watt, Muhammad at Mecca, 1953, p. 87
- ^ "Islam Online". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2005-12-23 .
- ^ Razwy, Sayed Ali Asgher. A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims. p. 67.
- ^ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, ISBN978-9960-899-55-8
- ^ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
THE SARIYYAH OF 'ALQAMAH IBN MUJAZZIZ AL-MUDLIJI AGAINST AL-HABASHAH
- ^ Muir, William (10 August 2003). Life of Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. p. 451. ISBN978-0766177413.
- ^ A. J. Cameron, A. J. Cameron (Ph.D.), Abû Dharr al-Ghifârî: an examination of his image in the hagiography of Islam, p. 33.
- ^ Madelung, Succession to Muhammad, 1997, p. 84
- ^ a b c d al-Sayyid, Kamal. Abu Dharr al-Ghifari. Translated by Alyawy, Jasim. Archived from the original on 7 Jun 2020 – via al-islam.org.
- ^ a b c d "Abu Dharr al-Ghifari | Companion of the Prophet | Islamic History | Sahaba Story". www.alim.org . Retrieved 2022-04-12 .
- ^ Ali, Abbas (ed.). "Respecting the Righteous Companions". A Shi'ite Encyclopedia. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from the original on 3 Jun 2020 – via al-islam.org.
- ^ Ja'fariyan, Rasul (2014). "Umars Caliphate". History of the Caliphs. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 290. ISBN9781312541085 – via books.google.com.
Abu Hatin al-Razi says, "It is the appellation of those who were attached to Ali during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, such as Salman, Abu Dharr Ghifari, Miqdad ibn al-Aswad and Ammar ibn Yasir and others. Concerning these four, the Messenger of Allah had declared, 'The paradise is eager for 4 men: Salman, Abu Dharr, Miqdad, and Ammar.'"
- Lay summary in: Rasul Ja'fariyan. "Shi'ism and Its Types During the Early on Centuries". Al Seraj. Archived from the original on 2005-02-28.
- ^ Salahi, Adil (25 Aug 2003). Abu Dharr and His Exile. Arab News. Saudi Enquiry and Publishing Company. ISSN 0254-833X. Archived from the original on 7 Jun 2020. Retrieved 7 Jun 2020 – via arabnews.com.
- ^ "Affiliate half-dozen". The Great Companion of the Prophet Abu Dharr. Islamic Seminary Publications. 2014. p. 67. ISBN9781312539808 – via books.google.com.
- ^ Rihan, Mohammad (2014). The Politics and Culture of an Umayyad Tribe: Conflict and Factionalism in the Early on Islamic Period. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 195. ISBN9780857736208 – via books.google.com.
Farther reading [edit]
- Madelung, Wilferd -- Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997
- Watt, Montgomery -- Muhammad at Mecca, Oxford Academy Printing, 1953
- Watt, Montgomery -- Muhammad at Medina, Oxford University Press, 1956
External links [edit]
- Abu Dhar al-Ghifari (al-islam.org)
- And In one case Once more Abu-Dhar by Dr. Ali Shariati
- Curt biographical sketch
- Most his asceticism
- The power of belief
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dharr_al-Ghifari
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